If you work in Event Design or Production, you've likely been using Vectorworks or Wysiwyg to design your events. If you're a Lighting Designer, you may have relied on Capture, Light Converse, MA 3D or a similar Console Visualizer, and as impressive as these tools are; when it comes to Photo-Realistic Rendering, might have left you somewhat wanting. Most of these tools focus on the production side of event design, and while they offer incredible control over many aspects, Photo-Realistic Rendering isn't their strongest asset.
Some of you will have used Sketchup with Vray, while the more adventurous amongst you might have ventured into 3DS Max or Cinema 4D - these tools have far more advanced rendering engines, and plugins like Octane and Reshift are exclusively dedicated to the task, but with the added cost and steep learning curve of these packages, only few Event Design agencies and Production Companies can afford the time and resources to employ dedicated Rendering Artists.
Truth be told, Photo-Realistic Rendering is more art than science - to achieve good results requires a lot of thought, and a meticulousness often incompatible with the Events Industry's tight deadlines. The good news is that there are tricks and shortcuts we can use to improve the quality of our renders, and with a bit of practice, patience and a good dose of creativity, we can take photo-realistic rendering to new levels. In this guide, we'll try to explore what makes renders more convincing and how to exploit rendering engines to achieve the best results.
Well, as you may have guessed, the clue is in the name.
The Wikipedia entry defines 'Photorealism' as "a genre of art, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible". In the world of computer graphics, the rendering engine creates an image from scratch, simulating the behaviour of light in the Real World through a process called PBR (Physically Based Rendering). This is easier said than done, as in the Real World, the behaviour of light, albeit predictable, is indeed very complex.
The properties of light sources and shadows, their interactions with each other, their bounces around the room, objects and surfaces and their effect on different materials, all need to be considered by the rendering engine in order to create Photo-Realistic Renderings. Materials in particular, with their reflective of refractive properties, surface imperfections like bumps and scratches deeply affect the behaviour of light, and their accurate depiction can make a huge difference in the overall realism of a render.
Many rendering engines ship with built-in materials, presets and settings to speed up the process, but it is always good to manipulate these to best suit our needs, and knowing where to look and what to tweak can better help us understand the process. In this guide, we will use Redshift inside Cinema 4D to demonstrate the workflows, but the same principles can be applied to any other rendering engines, and they will form the basis for any kind of Photo-Realistic Rendering, whether you're looking to create a still image, an animation or want to embark on a Real-Time VR project.
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Note: Choose the Sections from the Bank Below That You Think Will Fit Well in Your Pillar Page
Below are a few sections that would do well in a pillar page. Depending on your topic, pick the sections that you think would do best on your page.
You’ll also notice a prompt at the end of each section to link to a supporting cluster post. For example, if you’re writing The Ultimate Guide to Cooking and include a section about cooking pizza, you may want to link to your blog post about Italian food in that section to strengthen your on-page and website SEO. These pages should be hyperlinked naturally at some point in the body of that section.
Some readers might be new to what you’re writing about. Obviously, if what you’re writing about is well-known, you can skip the definition and head straight to why it matters.
Explaining why the term or concept matters is important for the reader to understand how to do or use what it is you’re writing about. Talk about the personal and/or business implications of understanding, employing, or using the topic you’re writing about.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
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Elaborate on the background of what you’re writing about and how the concept has developed from its inception to today.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
List out and define a few of the key terms pertaining to your topic, especially if they’re mentioned elsewhere in the post.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
If your topic has highs and lows to it, outline those pluses and minuses here.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
Proof points are immensely helpful for readers. Let’s say you’re covering the topic of product placement. This section could include 5 - 10 videos of product placement in film and television so readers can see the idea of it in action.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
If your pillar page is dedicated to a concept that requires or benefits from a step-by-step process, outline those steps in this section.
It’s important to be clear, concise, and accurate in the steps you provide your reader. Any extra “fluff” to the article may confuse someone, resulting in some readers not achieving the results they intended.
If what you’re explaining how to do is solve an equation (i.e. “How to Calculate Break Even). provide a step-by-step explanation and example of how to calculate the rate, point, or number you’re explaining how to reach. Show all of your work so the reader can follow along effortlessly.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
When breaking down a difficult concept or task, some readers may still feel overwhelmed and unsure of their ability to understand it. Break down a few best practices on how to best approach the concept, and/or a few reminders about it.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
If your topic pertains to business or businesses, give an overview of how and why to analyze your topic and how to differentiate between good and bad in the results of that analysis.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
Provide further reading or resources for people just getting started who may want additional information. This section could include industry blogs, books, social media accounts for thought leaders, and/or suggestions for support/assistance.
Supporting Cluster Post to Include: [Insert Hyperlink for Reference]
Wrap up your amazing new blog post with a great closing. Remind your readers of the key takeaway you want them to walk away with and consider pointing them to other resources you have on your website.
Last but not least, place a call-to-action at the bottom of your blog post. This should be to a lead-generating piece of content or to a sales-focused landing page for a demo or consultation.
Checklist Before Publishing
Much like in other sectors, Events and Entertainment have a demand to visualise projects before they are realised. Hardly any event, these days, is presented to clients and investors without the support of 3D models and renders. Particularly in the Corporate Event sector, there is a strong emphasis on presentation quality for high-calibre clients and their brands. These range from simple 3D Sketchup models to high-quality photo-realistic renders and animations.
Real-Time Rendering and Visualisation are hardly new concepts: the first 3D computer games using such technology appeared in the '80s, but for many years, despite impressive quality advancements, they remained confined to the Computer Graphics category and were generally recognisable as such. It's only in recent years that Photo-Realism started blurring the lines between the real, and virtual worlds.
Pioneered by the Videogames industry, Real-Time rendering has since found many applications across a multitude of sectors from Architecture to VFX, Product Design and Automotive, while the Events industry is still lagging behind.
In Event Production, we've seen Real-Time Visualisers for quite some time. CAST's Wysiwyg has been around since the '90s, and many other visualisers have followed suit, but these tend to be specific to Lighting Design, and impressive as they are, they offer little control in terms of realistic rendering quality, besides lighting and video.
Even The industry-standard software in event production - Vectorworks' Spotlight, offers no Real-Time rendering besides its Vision package (also a Lighting Visualiser).
With no shortage of Real-Time renderers like Lumion or Twinmotion for Architecture, why is the Events Industry so slow to catch on?
Traditional, or - Offline Rendering - happens on a frame-by-frame basis. For photo-realistic results, each image (or frame) is individually calculated by the rendering engine through a process called Ray Tracing.
This process, as the name implies, traces the rays from light sources in the scene as they collide with 3D objects. The process is calculated for each pixel in the frame multiple times, depending on the number of bounces, i.e. the number of times a ray is reflected off an object and onto another, simulating how light behaves in the real world. The more bounces are calculated, the more realistic the image will appear.
This method is able to produce highly detailed, great quality results, but it is very resource-intensive, leveraging the full power of the CPU and RAM. Depending on the power of the PC, and the complexity of the scene, it can take anything from a few seconds to several minutes (or hours) to render a single frame. It is well suited to still images, but rendering animations can keep a machine occupied for several days (or weeks).
For this reason, larger studios employ Render Farms to speed up the process significantly, but this option is outside the scope and budget for most ordinary users. Outsourced Render Farms is another option, but these too can be costly, and can often present compatibility issues between various software packages.
Unlike the traditional method above, Real-Time Rendering relies mostly on the GPU (Graphics Card) to process calculations in Real-Time. Rendering a single image is instantaneous and as easy as hitting 'save image', while rendering an animation takes barely more than the length of the animation itself, once the scene has been set up. Sounds almost too good to be true, and until very recently, it was.
GPUs couldn't handle Ray Tracing in real-time, so many options available in offline rendering were out of the question. While materials and textures could have a great level of detail; light bounces, global illumination, reflections and refractions and other elements that help make a scene more realistic, had to be simulated rather than calculated, making the difference between offline and real-time renders very noticeable.
To close the gap, real-time engines use a process called light baking, or lightmaps, where some of the calculations are performed offline, then 'baked' into the scene. This works well for static objects, but since the light and shadows are static, moving or animating an object in real-time would leave its shadow, reflections, etc. fixed in place... Enter RTX!
Last year, Nvidia announced its RTX Series of GPUs, successors to the popular GTX Series, bringing Ray Tracing to the world of Real-Time rendering and closing the quality gap between offline and online rendering once and for all. (Well, almost)
Rendering engines like Unreal and Unity, leveraging the power of RTX architectures, can produce results every bit as convincing as their offline counterparts, slashing rendering times to almost zero, and eliminating the need for render farms altogether.
Until very recently, high-quality photo-realistic renders, animations in particular, were a luxury only afforded to clients with larger budgets. Rendering Studios charge between $5.000 to $15.000 for a 1 min clip. In the grand scheme of an architectural project, for example, a budget allocated to rendering services is a relatively minor expense, particularly if it's a deciding factor in winning a contract potentially worth millions.
Unlike architecture, the Events industry revolves around tight budgets and even tighter deadlines, with exceptions far and few in between, so it would make no sense to invest a considerable amount of resources in a presentation, which even if successful, can only yield modest profits.
We've already seen how Real-Time Visualisers such as Wysiwg and Vision have made a huge impact on Lighting Designers, opening-up possibilities which were unthinkable in the days of on-site Lighting Programming. Light shows have become exponentially more complex and engaging, thanks to the technology, but they are specialist tools aimed at Lighting Designers and Programmers and are generally employed at the production stage, once the Event has already been confirmed and secured.
Real-Time Rendering could open up a whole range of opportunities to a much wider audience like smaller productions still in the pitching phase, looking to impress clients with much more than simple still images. Anything from complex animations to interactive virtual tours and augmented reality would be at their fingertips at a fraction of the cost, and timeframe, compared to what would have been required even just a few months ago.
The range of potential applications for Real-Time rendering in the Events Industry is every bit as wide as in other sectors where the technology has long been adopted.
There is a myriad of ways in which Real-Time Rendering can help bring presentations to life and create engaging content:
Besides camera moves, any other element in the scene can be animated including lighting, furniture, scenery, video and projection screens and pretty much anything else. Unlike with traditional rendering, we don't have to wait to see the results.
This offers significant adavntages compared with standard 360° photo based virtual tours. Spaces can be visualised in different configurations and we can dynamically select different options for colour, furniture, lighting and much more. Trade fair organisers could show different configurations for exhibition stands or booths. Venues could explore different possibilities for their spaces, or Museums show an archive of past or future exhibitions.
3D elements can be viewed in a real-world context through AR glasses like Microsoft's HoloLens, and the use of this technology doesn't have to be limited to presentations only. It can be integrated right into the events as well, offering audiences a truly unique perspective. Even a simple Powerpoint presentation can turn into an engaging immersive experience.
Much of the software technology around Event and Entertainment is focused around production. Tools like Vectorworks Spotlight offer unparalleled control over every aspect of a production's planning and design stages and Lighting Designers are spoilt for choice.
While in other sectors the initial presentation of a product is a key, determining factor, much of the Events Industry put their trust in Organisers, Production Companies and Venues on their past credentials, to deliver on their promise.
With the cost of high-quality renders in the past and many of the rendering software packages targeted at other sectors and lacking features specific to events, it is perhaps of little surprise that the industry has been left somewhat behind.
There is no doubt that as technology evolves, so will demand, and it's only a matter of time before the Events Industry will embrace the unquestionable advantages of Real-Time Rendering. With many production software packages already on the market, there has never been a better time for Production Planning and Design, but there is still a long road ahead, full of exciting developments.
I'd urge anyone to exploit the many possibilities Real-Time technology has to offer, in order to stand out from the competition at this early stage before it all kicks off.